Excavator.



PATBNTBD JUNE 5, 1906.

T. P. PAYNE. EXAVATR.

APPLICATION FILED aulas, 190s.

240W; ff y NVENTOR.

ATT ORNE Y5 [ii B122.

No 322,865l PATENTES JUNE 5, i906. T. P. PAYNE.

EXGAVATR.

v Hummm FILED $113.23, ma@

3 SHEETS-SBSBT 2,

il Tg3.

' IrNiTED r"noires r. rivive, or NEW r., Assiozvon 'ro' Mlinvin H. PAYNE, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

ExcAvA-ron.

Specieaton of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, 906.

Application iieii harnli'ii, 19GBs Sex-iai No. HQMQ.

To ali whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, TnoMAsi. PAYNE! a Citizen of. tire United States; residing in tire borough of Manhattan1 city, county, and State of New York, have invented oertain new and useful Improvements in Excavators, oi Wiiioh the following is a specification. reference being had to tiie accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

in making excavations of various kinds, end partlcuiarlyin dredgnig operations where tile spoii or excavated matter iras consisted largciv of substances of Small spcifie gravities--as, For instance, soit soils composed of siit,elay, {i1/1e sand,&o.-it has sometimes been found convenient to einpioy a pump or a sooalled air-Hit" to discharge the excavated matter, such matter being heid in suspension in Water which either existed or was supplied atV tiie of operations. @ne diiiionity; with this method of excavating as praotieed heretofore iies'iieen the neoessityof niainlnineY ing a current oiY greet velocit f in order tod* charge anything, exceptV t o very ligiiite substances, and even @itil a current of great velocity substances other than the veryiigit; est could not bo discharged with env degree of neilitg; above a certain height. The tuses employed heretofore to' een?? Y:iini niet-hed into effect have in general inoinded en agitator or brush which served to loosen tiie'niteriai to be excavated, and tiie'eiicll. vated material being stirred u*V in the Water surrounding tiie a tator was discharged with suoli Water either' jv the air-liftV apparatus or by a pump up into which it iiad to be drawn bv suction. in tiiese apparatuses Where a pninp Ives usedV sueii spoil ais' reaciield the pump would generallkvfie" dis'eiiargod But oftentimes' tie suction or iiiting-ioreewvouid be insiifiioient to piveiitY tire so'ttiing back of .1

tiie excavated inatti.V 'iiav found thatjby soarninging tiie' apparaiis that tile liftingv force is appiied 'insneiiavajgf as to drive tire spoil up and outfinsteal of drexving it up intoV the pnrnpand thon discharging itniteriaiiy iinproved'resuits are seenredas regards the raising of spoil containing coarse substanoesn of considerable specific gravity, snoii subl stances, oven inoinding'bonlders, being readily discharged when driven up Vand out when tiiev Wouidnot lie iiited by any suc tion Wiiii Y eonidii Created or inziiiitained. Y* i Y @ne objerot of the presentV invention is to revisie' an'nn roved xnicamitinf:rr *strains gr-.entrai Vvertical section' of;

g nn'iv not oniy be Ymore eoononn nii frs Yin which the lifting foro-eier tile spoil may be applied in snella way as to'drivo the spoil op and out instead of drawing it op and ontL ici Y for this purpose 'the agitator, which is provided' at the end oi tiie ezioevating-chambr to ont away the niet er'to be excavated and iieepY tire spoii'sti'rr up in the Water that substan tiaiiy iiis theV eiicavating-cliambor, iras'afri'jcent thorsten pum or other iiftin'g'device! and this pump or ii ting device during tire operation of the apparatus becomes iirnnersecin inthe spoil, Gn account of the reiative si tions'oi Vthe pnnpY and agitator in tire exea* vatingloiianiiier the space in the excavating chamber is always lifted by a force Yfreinoeiiind and is thus driven n and out *am Y diseiiarged, no suction or li vingioree sviiatevir Vl mi n g required to draw tiiespoii int o 'f Another object of this inventionii to sini'-Y piiiy the means of suppiyingpovver to the adi- .;ntor and to the pump, vvliereoiv ed to'tiif, parts VinV qiiesioi; n: si e tie zipparntns may be tiie more' onipaotly oonstru'ed and the more easij) died.

The different feature-soi improvenieiit reto Will now be described with referendo .to Vthe'acooInpstinging drawings; in which the Yimproved apparatus is illustrated: as secured to a'telesooping'caisson which is attached to a* snow, such as inigiit constitute part of adredging apparatus or afi'na'lhine for p'laver#Inin'ingiYV the soovvin stioi caseforming a sup ort forY Vthe oaisson-shaftandtiie Caisson-sha ta sV port for the improvements now underne' Y eration. it will be rnnderstood, iiowev Jr',

that the oaissonvarsgowv are shown nier for pnrpose stration and en nen and'tiiat ne invention is not limiteY 'to us n xvii-iii eitier or both;V These par .n p aratns Viviil, however, be dese-ri andV expi'einediin .order to enable apiY YrY s to'be com letely xindis dg VV fn'snidiravvings, igure l is avieV eidg roo Yelevation of a"dredging'V apparatus to winch' tileY invention is a plied. FigY YQ2 is a plan vieri", a derriok ancieertainfranioivorkforinng a part of the: apparatus being shown in 'sections'anda'portion of a'tuiiitabie', which m5 `is'aiso a part of the apparatus; broken Ytoshovv the parts pensati iig. 3 is a '5v-ie Vi'inigitndinai centrais he soon-f 'B iown 1n eie-vation. El ei s avlew in' Aoping 1 ro caisson with the sections fully extended. Fig. section being Inovably 5 1s a view in central vertical section of a telescoping caisson with the .sections partially extended, as they will be when the apparatus is in operation. Figs. and T are views of al1 eXeavating-brush which may be used in e011-- nection with the telescoping caisson, Fig. (i being a top view and Fig. 7 a view partly in side elevation and partly in central longitudinal section. Fig. 8 is a detailed view in section illustrating the connection between the several sections ol" the telescoping section.

On the dredging apj'iaratus shown in the drawing and in connection with which the invention may be used are a hoisting apparatus or derrick and a hoisting-eng1ne B, which are mounted in convenient positions upon a scow (l. inasmuch as the form or construction. oll the scow, as well as that olI the derriek and engine, is immaterial to the present invention, these parts are not illustrated in detail, the scow, for instance, being only partially shown; but itt-will beunderstood that these several parts may be chosen and arranged as convenience may dictate and that the scow may be divided into the usual emnpartnlents l'or the reception otl l'uel, stores, and tools. lt will also be understood that other parts of the dredging apparatus than those mentioned may be added or that the parts mentioned may be omitted altogether so l'ar as the invention is concerned.

At one end ol' the seow a turn-table l) is securely mounted, two circular tracks d and d' being provided upon the deck ol' the scow, upon which tracks the rollers or wheels l2 ofthe turn-table are adapted totravel, and an intel'- nal gear d is also provided upon the deck of the seow, being engaged by a pinion d4, earried upon a shaft d", journaled in the turntable, by which said table may be brought to and held in any position.

To the turn-table a strong rectangular frame E is secured, said lranie preferably comprising steel I-beanis e and being bolted to the table D in such a way as to permit one end of said frame to project out beyond the end of the scow. Upon this projecting end of the frame E a working or excavating caisson F is secured or hung, the caisson being capable of swinging about one end ofthe scow, which swinging is produced by the Inoveinent ot the turn-table l). The scmv thus forms a support or carrier l'or both the turntable and the caisson F, although any other suitable support or carrier may be provided, the nature of which support or carrier will depend generally upon the character and location of the place to be excavated.

The caisson` F, which .may be any l'orin ol' sectional shal't, comprises, preferably, a series of telescoping sectionsf and is secured to the frame E by supporting the top and broadest section of said caisson upon the projecting end of said frame in any suitable manner, said supported upon said frame or Yfixed thereto, as desired. These sections are preferably of the saine length, with the exception of the lower section or excavating-ehaniber f4, which is slightly extended to provide sullicient rooin for the excavating-tool and its attachments, to be referred to farther on. Ilach seetionf, with the exception of the lowest section, is provided upon its lower end with an upwardly and interiorly projecting tlangej", which when the caisson is extended is adapted to engage a downwardly and exteriorly projecting Ilange on the upper end of the adjacent lower section. The series oll sections of the caisson are thus permitted to be folded together within the largest and uppermost section, Figs. l and S, orto be extended to form a tubular eX(1avatii'lg-shaft, Figs. 4 and 5.

The raising and lowering of the caisson-seetions is preferably controlled by ropes or cables G, the ends ol which are made last to the uppermost section or to the l'rame E, these ropes passing through blocks or sheaves H upon the several sections. 'lhese blocks or sheaves are made t'ast to the tops ol' the sections, there being preferably four blocks on each section, as shown in Fig. 4. 'lhe rope is passed from the outside through one block and then down and through the next block directly underneath in the same manner. all the blocks directly beneath each other being thus connected together, while the rope passes l'roni each olE the blocks on the lower section up through the caisson-eliamber, through blocks l on a standard J, to and around a hoisting-drum K, controlled by the engine P). By slaeliening on ropes it will be obvious that the sections will be lowered and become extended of their own weight, while bj' drawing said. ropes up and around the drum K the sections will be raised and folded together.

The lowermost and narrowest section f4 of the caisson, bel'ore stated, is the excavating-chamber, the other sections of the telescoping caisson, the turn-table sup iort, the scow, and all of the other parts of tlie apparatus hereinbefore described serving as snnple and convenient means for supporting or suspending the eXcavating-chainber and for directing and controlling the position and movements of the excavating-chaInber; but, as will be obvious, other means of support and control maybe used, and the invention is not limited to any particular ineans of sup )ort or control therefor. lvloreover, as will be seen later on, the exeavating-chamber may be advanced horizontally, as will be convenient in tunneling, for instance, instead oll being advanced vertically in the manner above described. This excavating-chainber f4 is tight both at the top and at the sides, being open only at the bottoni. (,on'nnunicating with chamber f is a water-supply pipe IIO which is connected with e suitable source oi waiter-sn ply, whereby Water may be contin uouel urnisiied When necessary to Seid chem er during the operation therein. Mounted u on the caisson is en engine L for operating t 1e excavating-tool end euch other a peretus, es may require motive power.

is engiife is placed, preferably, upon the top of the ehernberf. Also mounted upon the chamber VisV o pump M preiereblfyY of the oentrifugel type, for use in removing the excavoted metter or spoil which, es before stated, is held in snepension in the Water Within the excavating-chamber. Neither the engineY nor the puinp need be shown or described in detail. The engine should be suieiently protected from any Water which might enter the ceieeon end hinder its operation, end the pump for the excavated materiel should beVY placed es near the excevatingtool es prac- 'Y ticeble with ite inlet-opening just above seid tool.

A flexible pipe Z ie provided for the engine with e inotive fluid, and seid pipe extends npwerd within the caisson ,shaft from the engine L to e source of fluid-power supply. (Not shown.) The pump, which niev be secured in any convenient manner within 'the cheinberj, es to the Well of the chamber, is provided with llexble pi es fm and Am2, which also extend u Werd Wit iin the eeiseoneheinber, one of iien serves te motive-i uiddsu i e or t ie nin en i the other for reiiieiifiiig the diecheiige iliierefrom. if preierebie, the pump 'may be driven bv engine L. The discharge-pipe fm2 and the inlet-opening m3 of the punip ere of suoli dimensions es to ineke them about twice the capacity of the Water-supply pipe O r; but any other relation between the sizes of these pipes may exist, if desired. The reeeon'for making; the discharge-pipe twice the eepeeity of the Water-supply pipe is that when the apparatus is Workinffrunder ordinary conditiene the water edrnitted into the exceveting-chamber through the Witter-,supply pipe will be dieeheiged through the pump engl, discharge-pipe me with ebout en equal quentity of exeeveted matter suspended thereinVlr Y it will be obvious, however, that diffe cherecters of soil may require e dieent reletion between the Water-siipplyY endV the discharge-pi ies.

An oir-loe for the excavating-chamber Yindicatedtff' in the top of said cheinbegee; Ytliet if it is desired at any time to inspect the excavating-chamber whlle the caisson is stillY extended or toiexeniine the nature of the soii below the caisson or excavating-chamber or to remove en v obstruetone in the,ereignet-V ing-chember it will be possible to Yeo.VV this vided and eonneets eheniberf with e einze-Y pressed-eir supply. This eoinpreeseci oir will not only be useful in ceses Wliere Yit is necesfurnisiiiiigi purpose also en ein-,supply pipe P ie Asery for person to enter the exeevetngf chamber for any purpose, but also when reising the eeissonenvliieh operation in certain ceses, on account of the considere ble friction et the eiirfeees of the sections, becomes very difiicult. Y Y i The exeevetingool or excavator noper is shown in the drawings to comprise t e brush N, honing thick steel bristles fn. The forni and dimensions of the brush ere preferably suele thet'iti one direetion, et leest. it will extend eniietentially the entire widtli of the lower eeeton of the cuisson wliieh it oeen- Ypeeei end in this wey when the brush rotated Yit creates eufllcient centrifugal ioree to nerr? Ythe enerevetion to e. considerable ont'- side endieond the ed e o? the lower eeetions, Vreinerel)v they Yrvill sin of their own weight end will no required to ne Yrovideri oiithentting edgee'or other Ineens or sini;-

thein. VThis brush ieproviried with e felieit n', ourneled in'beerings n?, centrally ple-eed in the exooveting-oheinber, and seid jbrpsh is operatively eouueeted to the engine L Ythrongh gearing indicated at n3. Vhen the excavation-chamber ie to be inspected, the excavator moy be raised bydrewing upon the shaft n, so that the bottom of the exonvation may be readily gotten et.

hen my improved apparatus ie to be used for planer-mining or i'or ony other purpose where the excavating-eli@uber will be sunk or operated vertically, the chamber Sin Suppornvhetever it may be, xviii he pieeedi above the scene ofroperetione end the @heine ber lowered overrtlie pince lo be excavated. The lowering of the ielesooping caisson is effectedY hplooeening the ropes or eheins G, end as the eeisson sinks the upper eeetione will be extendedin eneeession until the fer- Ward or lower end of the caisson reeehee the soil to be ene-riveted, the lower sections and eXeeveting-eheinber, when the lowering hes been completed, being partially extended and renting; upon sneh soil in e position somewhat ne shoe-*n in Fig. 5. Willen the lower seetinn rireetions lieve reached the eoii to be eiiini'eted, fthe ropes G are allowed to' rein ein eleeir. AVieter is then permitted to ilovv tiirongii pipe O, unless wete? Veineedy exists et the bese of operations, the exeevatingbrush Viei'oteted end eieets enexeevetion Somewhat wider than the enter extended iinreiextended, which thus of its own Y Weight. f The Water which is furnished to the or which existe et the exeevetingfeheinber i 'in eiiiietentielly fill the heee of opere ions' W Y, Y Y

exeevetngenern i e endY the rotation of the Yhinein will effect the entting away of the soilV to he exeeveted, the spoil being stirred up by the brush Whieii serves as en agitator es well es Yen cireevetor Yin this Wevthe pump is ivholiy or pertllgfT immersed in the spoil which is contained in the exeevoting-clminber :indY

thereby permitting:r the to be Y ino which is delivered from the brush or agitator into the pump-inlet, being retained m the eX- cavatmg-chambcr until 1t passes mto said inlet. The spoil is thus choked against the working parts of the pump, which drlve 1t up and out, and there is no possibility of any settling back of the spoil on account of thc speci'lic gravity thereof or of the size o'i its contained particles.

It will be understood that the agitator or excavating-tool not limited to the precise form ot brush shown and described, but ma;v be any tool capable of cutting awayv the matter to bc excavated and of keeping it stirred up in. the water to be discharged. ln the claims hereinafter the word "agitator" is used to refer to such a tool.

I do not claim herein the method by which the excavations are made as set forth herein, but reserve the right to make such method the subject of another application.

. claim as my invention 1. ln an excavating apparatus, the combination of an excavating-cliamber to receive the spoil, an agitator in the chamber, and a pump so arranged with reference to the agitator that the spoil will low into it without suction.

2. In an excavating apparatus, the combination oi an excavating-chamber, an agitator therein, and a pump near the. agitator, substantially as described.

3. ln an excavating apparatus, the combination ol' an excav'ating-chamber, a brush therein, and a centri'l'ugal pump nearlyY upon a level with the brush, substantiallyY as described.

4. In an excavating apparatus, the combination of an. excavating-chaniber, a brush in the bottom thereof but not closing the bottom, and a pump near the brush vhaving its inlet just above the brush, substantiallyv as described.

5. ln an excavating apparatus, the combination of an excavating-cha1nber, an agitator therein, a pump near the agitator, and means supported by the chamber to drive the agitator and pump, substantially as described.

6. In an excavating apparatus, the combination of an exeavatiiig-chamber, an agitator therein, a pump near the agitator, and an engine supported by the chamber to supplnv motive power to the agitator, substantially as described.

7. ln an apparatus for handling granular material, a pump therefor mounted upon a frame, and a motor upon the frame forming a self-contained excavating device, substantially as described.

ts. An apparatus for handling granular material comprising an excavating-pump and an actuating-motor within a pit supported by means outside of thefpitf'substantially as described.

9. Au apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump and an actnatuur-motor within a pit supported b): means oi a rope or chain, substantially as described.

10. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump within a pit supported by means outside of the pit, and means for moving the pump about within the pit, substantially as described.

11. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump within a pit supported by means oi" a rope or chain, and means for moving the pump about within the pit, substantially as described.

12. An apparatus for handling granular material, a pump therefor mounted upon a frame, and a motor upon the frame, forming a self-e1ntained excavating device, and means for supporting the frame within a pit, said means being outside of the pit, substantiallyl as described.

13. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump within a pit supported from the outside of the pit, means for moving the pump about within the pit, and. a lexible p1pe connecting the pump to the point of discharge.

14. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pun1p and an actuati11g-motor within a pit supported 'from the outside of the pit, means for moving the pump about within the pit, and a ilcxible pipe connecting the pump lo the point ol discharge.

15. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump and a supporting-tranle therefor within a pit supported from the outside of the pit, means for moving the pump about withln the pit, and a flexible pipe connecting the pump to the point of discharge.

16. An apparatus for handling granular material, comprising an excavating-pump, an actuating-1notor and a supporting-frame for the pump and motor within a pit supported from the outside of the pit, means for moving the pump about within the pit, and a flexible pipe connecting the pump to the point of discharge.

17. In an excavating apparatus, the combination of' an agitator, a pump, a motor, means upon which the agitator pump and motor are mounted to form a self-contained structure, and means to suspend said structure whereby it may be raised and lowered and moved about from one position to another.

This speciiieation signed and witnessed this 23d day of March, A. l). 1903.

THOMAS P. PAYN F. in presence of- Lucius E. 'VARNEY, lioswam. S. NlouoLs. 

